He is described as having one eye light and one eye dark. The name Alexander is also found throughout the New Testament, and there are dozens of Christian saints who bear the name. This is in line with the description of him given by the Greek biographer Plutarch (c. 45 c.120AD): The outward appearance of Alexander is best represented by the statues of him which Lysippus made, and it was by this artist alone that Alexander himself thought it fit that he should be modelled. ABOUT US. [252], According to Diodorus Siculus, Alexander accumulated a harem in the style of Persian kings, but he used it rather sparingly, "not wishing to offend the Macedonians",[253] showing great self-control in "pleasures of the body". [299][300], Arrian wrote that Aristobulus said that Alexander named Icarus island (modern Failaka Island) in the Persian Gulf after Icarus island in the Aegean. With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). [141] In an attempt to craft a lasting harmony between his Macedonian and Persian subjects, Alexander held a mass marriage of his senior officers to Persian and other noblewomen at Susa, but few of those marriages seem to have lasted much beyond a year. Gaugamela would be the final and decisive encounter between the two. [239][240] He apparently had two sons, Alexander IV of Macedon by Roxana and, possibly, Heracles of Macedon from his mistress Barsine. [83] Darius once more fled the field, and Alexander chased him as far as Arbela. According to Curtius, "Not only did Alexander slaughter the entire population of Massaga, but also did he reduce its buildings to rubble. [120], After Aornos, Alexander crossed the Indus and fought and won an epic battle against King Porus, who ruled a region lying between the Hydaspes and the Acesines (Chenab), in what is now the Punjab, in the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326BC. 336-323 BC. [78], Alexander advanced on Egypt in later 332 BC, where he was regarded as a liberator. Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC. Alexander also ordered the murder of Attalus,[50] who was in command of the advance guard of the army in Asia Minor and Cleopatra's uncle. This was a sign of Caracalla's increasingly erratic behaviour. WebCity of Alexander, North Dakota 58831. [50] He also had two Macedonian princes from the region of Lyncestis killed for having been involved in his father's assassination, but spared a third, Alexander Lyncestes. When Alexander learned about this, he was furious. Buy Now. FIRE DEPT. [196] At the decisive encounter with Darius at Gaugamela, Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx and equipped his cavalry with pikes. Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. When Alexander asked Diogenes what he could do for him, the philosopher disdainfully asked Alexander to stand a little to the side, as he was blocking the sunlight. [23][24][25] Among them were Artabazos II and his daughter Barsine, possible future mistress of Alexander, who resided at the Macedonian court from 352 to 342 BC, as well as Amminapes, future satrap of Alexander, or a Persian nobleman named Sisines. Irish playwright Aubrey Thomas de Vere wrote Alexander the Great, a Dramatic Poem. Diodorus, Plutarch, Arrian and Justin all mentioned the theory that Alexander was poisoned. This also showed Alexander's eagerness to fight, in contrast to his father's preference for diplomacy. He then stormed the pass of the Persian Gates (in the modern Zagros Mountains) which had been blocked by a Persian army under Ariobarzanes and then hurried to Persepolis before its garrison could loot the treasury.[87]. [185], Diodorus stated that Alexander had given detailed written instructions to Craterus some time before his death, which are known as Alexander's "last plans". [231] He began to identify himself as the son of Zeus-Ammon. [e] As Pausanias tried to escape, he tripped over a vine and was killed by his pursuers, including two of Alexander's companions, Perdiccas and Leonnatus. [134], Alexander sent much of his army to Carmania (modern southern Iran) with general Craterus, and commissioned a fleet to explore the Persian Gulf shore under his admiral Nearchus, while he led the rest back to Persia through the more difficult southern route along the Gedrosian Desert and Makran. WebAlexanders is still family owned, which means we can do business the way we want to, based on our deeply-rooted values and long-held traditions. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC", "Images of Authority II: The Greek Example", Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, "World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C. Plutarch's account is that roughly 14 days before his death, Alexander entertained admiral Nearchus and spent the night and next day drinking with Medius of Larissa. [142] Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator. Biology. The Alexander Romance, in particular, has had a significant impact on portrayals of Alexander in later cultures, from Persian to medieval European to modern Greek. [89] During his stay a fire broke out in the eastern palace of Xerxes I and spread to the rest of the city. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). Alexanders father, Philip II of Macedon, hired Aristotle, one of historys greatest philosophers,, to educate the 13-year-old prince. See All Alexander and his exploits were admired by many Romans, especially generals, who wanted to associate themselves with his achievements. The common soldiers, anxious about his health, were granted the right to file past him as he silently waved at them. Alexander of Aphrodisias. Any other answer would cause the mermaid to turn into a raging Gorgon who would drag the ship to the bottom of the sea, all hands aboard. Details from the Alexander Sarcophagus show that he had a fair complexion with ruddy cheeks. This is the most popular grill steak in the country. [42] Accordingly, Alexander returned to Macedon after six months due to the efforts of a family friend, Demaratus, who mediated between the two parties. The campaign took Alexander through Media, Parthia, Aria (West Afghanistan), Drangiana, Arachosia (South and Central Afghanistan), Bactria (North and Central Afghanistan), and Scythia. [166] Natural-cause theories also tend to emphasize that Alexander's health may have been in general decline after years of heavy drinking and severe wounds. [245] The Roman era writer Athenaeus says, based on the scholar Dicaearchus, who was Alexander's contemporary, that the king "was quite excessively keen on boys", and that Alexander kissed the eunuch Bagoas in public. WebAlexander Colleges student information system is called MyAC. Computer Science. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan), to come to him and submit to his authority. CITY COUNCIL / PLANNING & ZONING. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture led to the overwhelming dominance of Hellenistic civilization and influence as far east as the Indian subcontinent. It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. Communications. Communications. Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, a realm north of Greece. [310], The figure of Dhul-Qarnayn (literally "the Two-Horned One") mentioned in the Quran is believed by scholars to be based on later legends of Alexander. Both Athens and Philip sent embassies to win Thebes's favour, but Athens won the contest. Throughout time, art objects related to Alexander were being created. Alexander founded a series of new cities, all called Alexandria, including modern Kandahar in Afghanistan, and Alexandria Eschate ("The Furthest") in modern Tajikistan. [199][198] Nevertheless, Andrew Stewart highlights the fact that artistic portraits, not least because of who they are commissioned by, are always partisan, and that artistic portrayals of Alexander "seek to legitimize him (or, by extension, his Successors), to interpret him to their audiences, to answer their critiques, and to persuade them of his greatness", and thus should be considered within a framework of "praise and blame", in the same way sources such as praise poetry are. He developed a life-long love of reading and [286], Emperor Julian in his satire called "The Caesars", describes a contest between the previous Roman emperors, with Alexander the Great called in as an extra contestant, in the presence of the assembled gods. Aelian writes of Alexander's visit to Troy where "Alexander garlanded the tomb of Achilles, and Hephaestion that of Patroclus, the latter hinting that he was a beloved of Alexander, in just the same way as Patroclus was of Achilles. [316] In medieval India, Turkic and Afghan sovereigns from the Iranian-cultured region of Central Asia brought positive cultural connotations of Alexander to the Indian subcontinent, resulting in the efflorescence of Sikandernameh (Alexander Romances) written by Indo-Persian poets such as Amir Khusrow and the prominence of Alexander the Great as a popular subject in Mughal-era Persian miniatures. [102] As early as 334 BC he demonstrated awareness of this, when he challenged incumbent King Darius III "by appropriating the main elements of the Achaemenid monarchy's ideology, particularly the theme of the king who protects the lands and the peasants". "[55] At Corinth, Alexander took the title of Hegemon ("leader") and, like Philip, was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia. [71] He offered a peace treaty that included the lands he had already lost, and a ransom of 10,000 talents for his family. WebAlexanders Normal, IL: Dinner Menu: Friday, Saturday & Sunday Lunch Menu 11a-4p: N/A: Wine List: Wines by the Glass: Kids Menu : Ribeye. Its finely-grained structure lends a smooth, rich, beefy flavor. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. [198] The ancient historian Aelian (c.175 c.235 AD), in his Varia Historia (12.14), describes Alexander's hair color as "", that could mean yellowish, reddish or brownish. [11] Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. Commerce. Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. By the time of his death, he had conquered the entire. Later in his childhood, Alexander was tutored by the strict Leonidas, a relative of his mother, and by Lysimachus of Acarnania. Apelles, however, in painting him as wielder of the thunder-bolt, did not reproduce his complexion, but made it too dark and swarthy. Alexander arranged a double phalanx, with the center advancing at an angle, parting when the chariots bore down and then reforming. Persian coins continued to circulate in all the satrapies of the empire.[119]. I HATE ALEXANDER 23 T-SHIRT $35.00. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. WebAlexander disease is a rare disorder of the nervous system. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. Movies. WebLeading promotional products manufacturer since 1943. [216] However, Ogden calculates that Alexander, who impregnated his partners thrice in eight years, had a higher matrimonial record than his father at the same age. I HATE ALEXANDER 23 T-SHIRT $35.00. Possible causes include a drunken accident or deliberate revenge for the burning of the Acropolis of Athens during the Second Persian War by Xerxes;[90] Plutarch and Diodorus allege that Alexander's companion, the hetaera Thas, instigated and started the fire. Taking advantage of this power vacuum, Chandragupta Maurya (referred to in Greek sources as "Sandrokottos"), of relatively humble origin, took control of the Punjab, and with that power base proceeded to conquer the Nanda Empire. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. For they were told that the kings of the Ganderites and Praesii were awaiting them with eighty thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, eight thousand chariots, and six thousand war elephants. Alexander I, Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich, (born December 23 [December 12, Old Style], 1777, St. Petersburg, Russiadied December 1 [November 19], 1825, Taganrog), emperor of Russia (180125), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (181315) helped form the [181] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "ti kratisti""to the strongest". [182], Arrian and Plutarch claimed that Alexander was speechless by this point, implying that this was an apocryphal story. [188] Other scholars have proposed that they were invented by later authors within the tradition of the Alexander Romance. CITY PARK. [275] On the Silk Road trade routes, Hellenistic culture hybridized with Iranian and Buddhist cultures. Alexander was a Peripatetic philosopher and commentator, active in the late second and early third century CE. Buy Now. [271], The core of the Hellenistic culture promulgated by the conquests was essentially Athenian. [169] Perhaps more likely, the successors may have seen possession of the body as a symbol of legitimacy, since burying the prior king was a royal prerogative. At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: "See there," said he, "the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another. [147] Alexander developed a fever, which worsened until he was unable to speak. Alexander of Aphrodisias. [50] Alexander's relationship with his father "forged" the competitive side of his personality; he had a need to outdo his father, illustrated by his reckless behavior in battle. Buy Now. on the country in which you live. [223], Alexander was erudite and patronized both arts and sciences. [17], This article is about the ancient king of Macedonia. [110], When Alexander set out for Asia, he left his general Antipater, an experienced military and political leader and part of Philip II's "Old Guard", in charge of Macedon. [128] The other was Nicaea (Victory), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab. [13], In his early years, Alexander was raised by a nurse, Lanike, sister of Alexander's future general Cleitus the Black. Writing shortly after Alexander's death, Onesicritus invented a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. Trending. Alexander endeavored to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, achieving an important victory over Porus, an ancient Indian king of present-day Punjab, at the Battle of the Hydaspes. [261], The city of Pella, in modern Jordan, was founded by veterans of Alexander's army, and named it after the city of Pella, in Greece, which was the birthplace of Alexander. [192] The Macedonian phalanx, armed with the sarissa, a spear 6 metres (20ft) long, had been developed and perfected by Philip II through rigorous training, and Alexander used its speed and manoeuvrability to great effect against larger but more disparate Persian forces. [140], After three days, unable to persuade his men to back down, Alexander gave Persians command posts in the army and conferred Macedonian military titles upon Persian units. WebAlexander Forbes is committed to protecting the integrity of all client information within an international best practice compliance framework. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. Due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the Beas River and later died in 323 BC in Babylon, the city of Mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. The correct answer is "He is alive and well and rules the world!" Buy Now. New Haven: Yale University Press. [136], Discovering that many of his satraps and military governors had misbehaved in his absence, Alexander executed several of them as examples on his way to Susa. Some of these alternate spellings include Alejandro, Alessandro, and Alexzander. Alexander not only returned Ambhi his title and the gifts but he also presented him with a wardrobe of "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1,000 talents in gold". In the temple of Luxor, near Karnak, he built a chapel for the sacred barge. [66] Alexander left the government of Caria to a member of the Hecatomnid dynasty, Ada, who adopted Alexander. Anthropology. Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, a realm north of Greece. [175][176] However, more recently, it has been suggested that it may date from earlier than Abdalonymus's death. Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 19. Suspicion has fallen upon Alexander, Olympias and even the newly crowned Persian Emperor, Darius III. [60], While Alexander campaigned north, the Thebans and Athenians rebelled once again. [82] Control of Egypt passed to Ptolemy I (son of Lagos), the founder of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (305-30 BC) after the death of Alexander. ", PUF, 2011. p. xl, Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, J, Woronoff & I. Spence, Ashrafian H. "The Death of Alexander the Greata Spinal Twist of Fate. He continued the tradition of writing close commentaries on Aristotles work established in the first century BCE by [21], Alexander was able to quote Euripides from memory. After the defeat, Spitamenes was killed by his own men, who then sued for peace. [284] The emperor Trajan also admired Alexander, as did Nero and Caracalla. [145], On either 10 or 11 June 323BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32. Is committed to protecting the integrity of all client information within an best... ( Victory ), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab with... 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