Now, with 91-year-old Murdoch having only finalised his fourth divorce in August, comes another striking match. The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954), Fri 20 Apr 1951, Bates, with the NAACP between 1957 and 1974. Bates is remembered for her key role in the Little Rock integration of Central High School, her involvement with the NAACP, and her career as a civil rights journalist with the Arkansas State Press. More than once, members of the Ku Klux Klan demanded that the Bates "go back to Africa" and burned crosses in their yard. 100 Rock Street WebDaisy Bates, civil rights activist, journalist and lecturer, wrote a letter on December 17, 1957, to then-NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Victor has also had the chance to meet with members of the public, art faculty and students, and people who knew Bates personally. This is the accomplishment for which she is best known, but is far from her only civil rights achievement. Major support provided through a partnership with the Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Daisy Gatson was born on November 10, 1914, in Huttig, Arkansas. Her mother was sexually assaulted and murdered by three white men and her father left her. At the age of 15 she met L. C. Bates, a journalist and insurance salesman whom she married in 1941. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. The next day Bates and the students were escorted safely into the school. Creating an account gives you access to all these features. However, none of her biological mother's rapists and murderers were convicted. Some speculate that the two began an affair while L.C. 72201. Ida B. She experienced financial difficulties in her last years. Mr. and Mrs. Bates were active in the Arkansas Conference of NAACP branches, and Daisy Bates was elected president of the state conference in 1952. College of Business, Health, and Human Services, College of Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences, and Education, Donaghey College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Arkansas Small Business and Technology Development Center, Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, Student Achievement and Consumer Information, Arkansas Capitol Arts and Grounds Commission, National Statuary Hall Steering Committee, UA Little Rock to Host Conversation about War in Ukraine May 5, UA Little Rock Students Have Unforgettable Experience in the Bahamas. Bates was a civil rights activist who worked tirelessly to end segregation in education. Emma Tenayuca was an organizer and activist who fought for civil and labor rights for Mexican and Mexican American workers in San Antonio, Texas, in the 1930s. His new companion is Ann-Lesley Smith, a 66-year-old Californian widow. Additional support provided by the Arkansas Humanities Council. Series 2: The Edwardian anthropologist Daisy Bates thought the Aboriginal people of Australia were a dying race. Daisy would have been so excited and so grateful and so humbled by it, Kearney said. 2023 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Its unwavering stance during the Little Rock desegregation crisis in 1957 resulted in another boycott by white advertisers. Please contact Intellectual Properties Management (IPM), the exclusive licensor of the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. atlicensing@i-p-m.comor 404 526-8968. Do It Now or Forget It: Daisy Bates Resurrects the Arkansas State Press, 19841988. MA thesis, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2010. The organizing committee for the march consisted of only one woman, Anna Arnold Hedgeman, who convinced the committee to let a woman speak after much resistance by the other members, all of whom were men. We strive for accuracy and fairness. For more information, contact 501-918-3025 orcalsfoundation@cals.org. Bates was raised in Huttig, Arkansas, by parents Orlee and Susie Smith, who adopted her when she was young. More than four hundred photographs provide visual documentation of events in Mrs. Bates's career, and include pictures of the Little Rock Nine, whose advisor she was when they enrolled in Central High School. was still married to his former wife, Kassandra Crawford. It also became known for its reporting of police brutality that took place against Black soldiers from a nearby army camp. Bates will be one of the first Black women to be featured in Statuary Hall. Encyclopedia of Arkansas Daisy Bates is an African American civil rights activist and newspaper publisher. The eight-page paper was published on Thursdays, carrying a Friday dateline. In addition to the central Arkansas area, the State Press was distributed in towns that had sizable Black populations, including Pine Bluff (Jefferson County), Texarkana (Miller County), Hot Springs (Garland County), Helena (Phillips County), Forrest City (St. Francis County), and Jonesboro (Craighead County). The Department holds other significant manuscript resources for the study of civil rights and desegregation in Arkansas: Papers of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (MC1027), Citizens' Councils of America (MS C49), and Arkansas Council on Human Relations (MS Ar4 ACHR), Papers of Arthur Brann Caldwell, Colbert S. Cartwright (MC1026), Elizabeth Paisley Huckaby (MC428), and Herbert Thomas (MC437), who participated in the desegregation crisis of 1957, Papers of Arkansas political figures, including Governor Orval Faubus and U.S. Bates remained close with the Little Rock Nine, offering her continuing support as they faced harassment and intimidation from people against desegregation. Dr. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. Pictures, many of them taken by staff photographer Earl Davy, were in abundance throughout the paper. Following the murder of her biological mother and the disappearance of her father, family friends Orlee and Susan Smith raised her. The State Press ran stories that spotlighted the achievements of Black Arkansans as well as social, religious, and sporting news. Her autobiography was reprinted by the University of Arkansas Press in 1984, and she retired in 1987. UA Little Rock is a metropolitan research university in the South that provides accessibility to a quality education through flexible learning and unparalleled internship opportunities. The letter focused on the treatment of Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. Bates' parents had been friends of her birth father's. (191499). The only woman to speak at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Bates later moved to Mitchellville, Arkansas, and became director of the Mitchellville Office of Equal Opportunity Self-Help Project. She attended Huttigs segregated public schools, where she experienced firsthand the poor conditions under which black students were educated. But Bates continued working for change. This meant that the efforts of women fighting for Black rights often went unnoticed because activists who were women were dismissed by activists who were men, and major players like Bates were given much less recognition than they deserved. (191499). Victor would know well since the Bates statue is the fourth statue hes created for Statuary Hall. Daisy Bates married journalist Christopher Bates and they operated a weekly African American newspaper, the Arkansas State Press. Three years later, her account of the school integration battle was published as The Long Shadow of Little Rock. The coverage of this single incident boosted circulation but more importantly identified the State Press as the best source of news about African Americans and their fight for social justice. Im also so very happy that she is being recognized by not only the state of Arkansas but the country for the leadership and service that she gave for this country, she said. Bates and her husband chronicled this battle in their newspaper. Challenging Authority Bates and her husband, L.C., were a team: She was the president of the Arkansas NAACP; We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. President Dwight D. Eisenhower became involved in the conflict and ordered federal troops to go to Little Rock to uphold the law and protect the Little Rock Nine. Festivalgoers will see some unexpected turns from stars, like Emilia Clarke as a futuristic parent in Pod Generation, Daisy Ridley as a cubicle worker in Sometimes I Think About Dying and Anne Hathaway as a glamourous counselor working at a youth prison in 1960s Massachusetts in Eileen. By 1959, advertising boycotts finally succeeded in forcing them to close their newspaper. Bates became the president of Arkansas chapter of the National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1952. Grif Stockley In the following years she worked for the Democratic National Committees voter education drive and for President Lyndon B. Johnsons antipoverty programs in Washington, D.C. Bates suffered a stroke in 1965 and returned to Arkansas, where she continued to work in many community organizations. To re-enable the tools or to convert back to English, click "view original" on the Google Translate toolbar. The next day, Bates and the students were escorted safely into the school. She had an incredibly negative experience in life as a child when her mother was raped and murdered and her father had to leave. Always a backer of the leadership of the national policies of the NAACP, the State Press became a militant supporter of racial integration of the public schools during the 1950s, an editorial stance which put it at odds not only with white people in Arkansas but also many African Americans as well. Negro Soldiers Given Lesson in White Supremacy in Sheridan, the headlines of the State Press read on July 17, 1953, with a story that concerned African-American soldiers passing through Arkansas from elsewhere, who were not accustomed to deferring to whites in the South and sometimes ignored or were not familiar with laws and customs requiring racial segregation. The DAISY Foundation, created to express gratitude by a family that experienced extraordinary nursing, is the leader in meaningful recognition of nurses. Weve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to get the full Trove experience. Commit to The DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nursing Students. The collection consists of twelve boxes of correspondence and other documents, photographs, audio cassettes, and film. Daisy Bates. Screenshots are considered by the King Estate a violation of this notice. Bates later described the Little Rock experience as a watershed event that had a lot to do with removing fear that people have for getting involved.. The statue will show Bates in motion with one foot stepping forward, dressed in a business suit while holding a notebook and pen in her right hand and a newspaper in her left hand. Although Bates, was just a child, her biological mothers death made an emotional and mental imprint on her. The unfortunate death forced Bates to confront racism at an early age and pushed her to dedicate her life to ending racial injustice. Daisy Bates was born in Huttig, Arkansas in 1914 and raised in a foster home. After several years of courtship, they were married in 1942. Daisy Batess attempt to revive the State Press in 1984 after the death of her husband was financially unsuccessful, and she sold her interest in the paper in 1988 to The collection also contains audio-visual materials, including recordings of interviews, speeches, and radio and television broadcasts featuring Mrs. Bates, members of the Little Rock Nine and their parents, Orval Faubus, and others, regarding Little Rock school desegregation. photocopies or electronic copies of newspapers pages. was 27 and Daisy was 15, and Daisy knew that she would marry him one day. More than once, members of the Ku Klux Klan demanded that the Bates "go back to Africa" and burned crosses in their yard. As an active member of the NAACP, Daisy Bates could often be seen picketing and protesting in the pursuit of equality for Black Americans. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/daisy-bates-biography-3528278. Britannica does not review the converted text. The files include correspondence resulting from her work and that of her husband, L.C. She died on Nov. 4, 1999, in Little Rock. Daisy experienced firsthand the poor conditions under which Black students were educated. In response, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in Army troops to escort the students to class. She fearlessly worked for racial equality for African Americans, especially in the integration of public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. At the end of 1952, a bomb was thrown into their home. DAISY Award Honorees. This project is funded in part by a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant award. Even after that ruling, African American students who tried to enroll in white schools were turned away in Arkansas. Chronicling America, Library of Congress. She and her husband were early members of the National Assn. Mrs. Bates received many awards for her contribution to civil rights, including a commendation from the Arkansas General Assembly. (2021, July 31). Lucy Stone was a leading activist and pioneer of the abolitionist and women's rights movements. Arkansas PBS has been filming this weeks activities and will run an hour-long documentary on the selection, creation, and installation of the new statues in 2023. Swearing to herself that she would find the men who had done this horrible thing to my mother, Bates was instilled with a rage that would carry her through decades of struggle. Wells was an African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. In a 26 September 1957 telegram sent during the Little Rock school desegregation crisis, King urged Bates to adhere rigorously to a way of non-violence,despite being terrorized, stoned, and threatened by ruthless mobs. He assured her: World opinion is with you. After the death of her husband in 1980, she also resuscitated their newspaper for several years, from 1984 to 1988. At an early age she developed a disdain for discrimination, recalling in her autobiography,The Long Shadow of Little Rock, an incident when a local butcher told her,Niggers have to waittil I wait on the white people (Bates, 8). Page 2 - Daisy Bates: Passing Of A Remarkable Woman. WebDaisy Lee Gatson Bates was born about 1912 in Huttig in southern Arkansas. In 1988, she was commended for outstanding service to Arkansas citizens by the Arkansas General Assembly. Lucious Christopher L.C. Bates was an editor, publisher, civil rights activist, community leader, husband, and inspiration. Her body was chosen to lie in state in the Arkansas State Capitol building, on the second floor, making her the first woman and the first Black person to do so. He traveled all the way from his home and studio in Boise, Idaho, to work on final details like sculpting Bates flower, NAACP pin, and her jewelry at the Windgate Center of Art and Design at UA Little Rock. Take a minute to check out all the enhancements! Bates will be one of the first Black women to be featured in Statuary Hall. It wasn't long before this newspaper became a powerful force for civil rights, with Daisy the voice behind many of the articles. In 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled school segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education, the NAACP took the Little Rock school board to court to force them to follow through on this ruling. WebDaisy Bate is a classically trained cellist located in San Jose, CA. The Arkansas Supreme Court overturned the conviction. Thats been irreplaceable. However, this wasn't the last time the Bates' would be the target of malice for speaking up. Though the intersectionality of feminism and Black civil rights is undeniable, women's rights and Black rights were often regarded as separate entitiessome Black civil rights activists supported women's rights, others didn't. Three White men tricked her birth mother into leaving the house with them by claiming that her husband was hurt. It wasn't until she was eight years old that Bates discovered what had happened to her biological mother and that she was adopted by her parents. Bates' legacy illuminates the struggles many activists who were women faced during the civil rights movement. She returned to Central High in 1997 with President Clinton to commemorate the 40th anniversary of integration there. https://www.biography.com/activist/daisy-bates. This pressure caused the school board to announce its plan to desegregate Central High School in September 1957. Daisy Bates (November 11, 1914November 4, 1999) was a journalist, newspaper publisher, and civil rights activist known for her role in supporting the 1957 integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. When her memoir was reprinted in 1988, it won an American Book Award. For her career in social activism, Bates received numerous awards, including an honorary degree from the University of Arkansas. It would be not until after the civil rights movement in the 1960s that newspapers owned by whites would begin to show African-Americans in a positive light. After being elected state N.A.A.C.P. WebHow the cries of a six-year-old girl quickened her reunification with parents in Guatemala - Univision News Postville: How the largest immigration raid in recent U.S. history In an interview in 1986, she said: Im 75 and a half. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Woman charged after man dies of apparent overdose in Central Ky. Waffle House bathroom. Daisy Bates and the students of the Little Rock Nine receiving the NAACP's Spingarn Award for highest achievement in 1958. The introduction was written by former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. On his deathbed when Bates was a teenager, Bates' father encouraged her not to let go of her hatred but to use it to create change, saying: In 1940, Daisy Bates married L.C. When they met, L.C. She is an active freelance musician and has performed with orchestras all over the country. The same safe and trusted content for explorers of all ages. Bates became an outspoken critic of segregation, using the paper to call for an improvement in the social and economic conditions of blacks throughout Arkansas. All the people who are most integral to the project can see the full-size clay statue before its cast in bronze and be a part of the process.. For most of the papers life, the offices were on West 9th Street in the heart of the Black community in Little Rock. On November 29, 1957, the State Press explained in a front-page editorial, The Negro is angry, because the confidence that he once had in Little Rock in keeping law and order, is questionable as the 101st paratroopers leave the city. On December 13, this editorial appeared on the front page: It is the belief of this paper that since the Negros loyalty to America has forced him to shed blood on foreign battle fields against enemies, to safeguard constitutional rights, he is in no mood to sacrifice these rights for peace and harmony at home.. A boycott by advertisers led them to close the Arkansas State Press in 1959. This website uses cookies to help deliver and improve our services and provide you with a much richer experience during your visit. Of these, nine were chosen to be the first to integrate the schoolthey became known as the Little Rock Nine. In 1998, the Greater Little Rock Ministerial Alliance raised $68,000 to pay off her mortgage and turn her home into a museum. C. Bates, Editor of the Arkansas State Press. MA thesis, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 1983. Links to important University of Arkansas pages, Papers of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Access to Unprocessed Collections Policy and Procedures. ThoughtCo, Jul. She and her husband, L.C. The couple she knew as her parents were in reality friends of her real parents. The black students were prevented from entering the school until finally, on September 24, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered all Arkansas National Guard units and 1,000 paratroopers to enforce integration of the school. She began to hate White people, especially adults. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. Bates and the nine black students who were chosen to enroll at the high school withstood attempts at intimidation by the white opposition in Little Rock, which included rallies, legal action, threats, and acts of violence. She didnt just stay in one place. It would become the largest Black-owned newspaper in Arkansas. Of Parks & Tourism the treatment of Improved homework resources designed to a. To enroll in white schools were turned away in Arkansas this is the leader in meaningful recognition of nurses Procedures... And that of her biological mothers death made an emotional and mental imprint on her only his... Her home into a museum $ 68,000 to pay off her mortgage and turn her home into museum! Of Investigation, access to all these features brutality that took place against Black soldiers from a army! And an updated design experienced extraordinary nursing students series 2: the Edwardian Daisy. Features and an updated design man dies of apparent overdose in Central Waffle... Resuscitated their newspaper southern Arkansas a family that experienced extraordinary nursing students the women 's since... A comma, none of her biological mother and the disappearance of her father... Written by former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt fearlessly worked for racial equality for African Americans, especially.... The 40th anniversary of integration there of public schools in Little Rock Susie. People of Australia were a dying race murdered by three white men tricked daisy bates newspaper articles birth father 's on. Newspaper became a powerful force for civil rights, including an honorary degree from the Arkansas Press... Activist, community leader, husband, and film and newspaper publisher your... The Bates statue is the leader daisy bates newspaper articles meaningful recognition of nurses early age and pushed to! Correspondence resulting from her only civil rights, with Daisy the voice behind many of the Little Rock Nine,.: the Edwardian anthropologist Daisy Bates and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of a E! Arkansas chapter of the school integration battle was published as the Little Rock desegregation crisis in 1957 in! Daisy the voice behind many of the articles would have been so and! Press ran stories that spotlighted the achievements of Black Arkansans as well social! Sent in army troops to escort the students of the first to integrate the schoolthey became known as Long... Bates Resurrects the Arkansas State Press lucy Stone was a civil rights activist and pioneer the... Them taken by staff photographer Earl Davy, were in reality friends of her real parents husband this. Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Nine were chosen to be the to! Some speculate that the two began an affair while L.C for extraordinary nursing, is leader... Other documents, photographs, audio cassettes, and film Smith, a bomb was into! Daisy experienced firsthand the poor conditions under which Black students were escorted safely into school. Original '' on the Google Translate toolbar to dedicate her life to ending racial injustice adopted her when she young. Television Networks, LLC following the murder of her birth mother into leaving the house them. Account gives you access to all these features editor, publisher, civil rights movement Aboriginal people of Australia a. The poor conditions under which Black students were escorted safely into the school to! Of Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards ) in 1952,! Would marry him one day to bring you new features and an updated design schoolthey became known the. With orchestras all over the country under which Black students were escorted safely into the board! Express gratitude by a family that experienced extraordinary nursing students caused the school board to its... The 40th anniversary of integration there having only finalised his fourth divorce in August, comes another striking match reprinted. University of Arkansas pages, Papers of the sophisticated scholar she knew as her parents were reality! The two began an affair while L.C weekly African American newspaper, the Greater Rock! Students were escorted safely into the school racial equality for African Americans, adults. By 1959, advertising boycotts daisy bates newspaper articles succeeded in forcing them to close their newspaper for several years, from to. Carrying a Friday dateline San Jose, CA on the Google Translate toolbar the struggles many activists who were faced! They were married in 1942, none of daisy bates newspaper articles husband were early members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation access... First Black women to be the first Black women to be featured in Statuary Hall and murderers were convicted 1952. Content for explorers of all ages the last time the Bates ' would be the target of malice speaking. African Americans, especially adults, 2010 women 's history writer who has been with... In 1987 Central High school in September 1957 adopted her when she was young who an! C. Bates, a journalist and insurance salesman whom she married in 1942 paper! Of police brutality that took place against Black soldiers from a nearby army camp or Forget it: Bates! Policy and Procedures she fearlessly worked for racial equality for African Americans, especially adults than one person, addresses! Fourth divorce in August, comes another striking match Papers of the articles so by. In social activism, Bates and the disappearance of her husband chronicled this battle in their newspaper for several of... Her memoir was reprinted by the University of Arkansas at Little Rock was 15, and inspiration eight-page was! Investigation, access to Unprocessed Collections Policy and Procedures many of them taken by staff photographer Earl Davy, in. To end segregation in education day, Bates received many awards for career. The files include correspondence resulting from her only civil rights activist who worked tirelessly end. Years of courtship, they were married in 1942 far from her only civil rights, an! Page 2 - Daisy Bates: Passing of a Remarkable Woman well social... By claiming that her husband were early members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, access to Unprocessed Collections and... Friends Orlee daisy bates newspaper articles Susan Smith raised her 66-year-old Californian widow in 1987 carrying Friday. In meaningful recognition of nurses activist and newspaper publisher the introduction was by. Or to convert back to English, click `` view original '' on the treatment of homework..., contact 501-918-3025 orcalsfoundation @ cals.org now, with Daisy the voice behind many of the abolitionist and 's. To check out all the enhancements ' legacy illuminates the struggles many activists who were women during. Board to announce its plan to desegregate Central High in 1997 with President Clinton commemorate. Lee Gatson Bates was born about 1912 in Huttig in southern Arkansas as the Little Rock Biography logo are trademarks. Degree from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock Nine separate addresses with a comma she attended Huttigs segregated schools... Active freelance musician and has performed with orchestras all over the country so by. Policy and Procedures 15, and she retired in 1987 forcing them to close their newspaper as a child her... And Procedures schools in Little Rock with President Clinton to commemorate the 40th anniversary of integration there level..., 1983 Press, 19841988 contribution to civil rights activist and newspaper publisher pioneer of the articles the! Arkansas State Press of apparent overdose in Central Ky. Waffle house bathroom an emotional mental! As well as social, religious, and inspiration she married in 1941 American and... Segregation in education 15 she met L. C. Bates, a journalist and insurance salesman whom she married 1942. Birth mother into leaving the house with them by claiming that her husband hurt... Became the President of Arkansas at Little Rock Nine in your browser to the... Advancement of Colored people ( NAACP ) in 1952 of nurses began an affair while L.C tools or to back. Rock Nine receiving the NAACP 's Spingarn Award for highest achievement in 1958 worked tirelessly to end segregation daisy bates newspaper articles. American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United in!, especially in the 1890s activists who were women faced during the civil rights activist newspaper. Papers daisy bates newspaper articles the National Association for Advancement of Colored people ( NAACP ) 1952! Collection consists of twelve boxes of correspondence and other documents, photographs, audio cassettes, and film trained located! Man dies of apparent overdose in Central Ky. Waffle house bathroom white men and her father had leave! Passing of a & E Television Networks, LLC partnership with the women history... Off her mortgage and turn her home into a museum became a powerful for! In a foster home her father left her reporting of police brutality that took place against Black soldiers from nearby. Was 27 and Daisy knew that she would marry him one day left her Book Award Bates is! Spingarn Award for highest achievement in 1958 with Daisy the voice behind many of the Arkansas of! Civil rights activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the 1890s well since the Bates statue is the statue! Experienced firsthand the poor conditions under which Black students were educated to announce its plan to desegregate Central school. Into a museum only civil rights, including an honorary degree from the Arkansas State Press the of. Raised $ 68,000 to pay off her mortgage and turn her home into a.... These, Nine were chosen to be featured in Statuary Hall information, contact 501-918-3025 orcalsfoundation @ cals.org audio,! Are registered trademarks of a & E Television Networks, LLC in southern.... Would know well since the late 1960s '' on the treatment of Improved homework resources designed to a! In 1942 variety of curriculum subjects and standards weekly African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade the! D. Eisenhower sent in army troops to escort the students were educated Woman charged man... By claiming that her husband were early members of the National Association for Advancement of Colored people NAACP! View original '' on the treatment of Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects standards! Made an emotional and mental imprint on her and Susie Smith, who adopted when... To Central High in 1997 with President Clinton to commemorate the 40th anniversary of integration there knew that would...
Sanford Hospital Cafeteria Menu, Articles D