We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. How old do you have to be to be a member of the Grange? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Las Gorras Blancas was a group active in the American Southwest in the late 1880s and early 1890s in response to Anglo-American land grabbers. The Demon King is chosen from the rank of Yod, which is the highest rank a demon can possess. Quizlet? The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (also known as the Grange), organized in 1867, was led by Oliver H. Kelley. The Farmers Alliances grew out of the Patrons of Husbandry. Its original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. a Roman merchant, government worker, or banker. The Granger movement was a coalition of American farmers mainly in Midwestern and Southern states that worked to increase farming profits in the years following the American Civil War. This 1887 act also created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which regulated the rates of railroads and ensured the rates remained reasonable and just. 1867 Nation Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. Both at the state and national level, Grangers gave their support to reform-minded groups such as the Greenback Party, the Populist Party, and, eventually, the Progressives. I feed you all! lithograph by American Oleograph Co., Milwaukee, 1875. (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division) WebWhich group established the Grange movement? Kelley promoted his movement all over the country, but it only caught on in the West. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. During the 1870s and 1880s, midwestern farmers found that earning a living was increasingly difficult because 1.prices of agricultural products were increasing 2.railroad companies charged high rates for transporting farm products 3.agricultural output was declining rapidly. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. How did The National Grange respond to the challenges farmers faced in the late 1800s? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. took its name from the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, the organization founded by Oliver H. Kelley in 1867. The Interstate Commerce Act challenged the philosophy of laissez-faire economics by clearly providing the right of Congress to regulate private corporations engaged in interstate commerce. Unlike other marksman in general who is weak in early game, Granger is very powerful in every condition. It asserts that the farmer is the central character upon which all society relies, with the central image of the lithograph being a farmer behind his plow, captioned, "I feed you all!" The Ganges River carries nutrient rich sediment as it flows, depositing fertile soil along its shores. The Grange, officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. A movement to increase farmers political power and to work for legislation in their interest. ecided to come to the United States. , Identifying the railroads as the chief villains, Grangers lobbied state legislatures for regulation of the industry. What lead to the formation of the Grange? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Its original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. 1989 Trent Sequel to Lore 77 In 1892, there was formed a secret organization of church members known as the White Caps. Their intended purpose was to rid the community of prostitution, gamblers, and bootleggers by placing a bundle of switches at their door. 4 . The Populist movement was preceded by the Farmers Alliance and the Grange. A main goal of the Granger movement of the 1870s and 1880s was to force the railroads to lower freight rates Although the Populist Party failed to elect its candidates to the Presidency, some of the Partys aims were later achieved by the. Quizlet? 1 Hazards associated with compressed gases include: a. The Patrons of Husbandry. WebThe Granger movement began with a single individual, Oliver Hudson Kelley. Describe conditions in the country in the 1870s that led to the formation of organizations such as the Grange. What problems did the Grange movement face? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. known as the heart of Rome What Does It Mean When Someone Writes In Caps And Lowercase? A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The Patrons of Husbandry was The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. So many farmers depended on the railroads and had a hard time surviving without them. 8 What was the main reason why the Grange started? Over time, farmers groups consolidated into two regional alliances: the Northwestern Farmers Alliance and the Southern Farmers Alliance. The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. When Granger has all the item needed, he can defeat opponents hero in just a second! WebWhat was the significance of the Grange movement quizlet? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. WebWhy was the Grange movement important? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Its original intent was to bring farmers together to discuss agricultural styles, in an attempt to correct These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. What drew most farmers to the Granger movement was the need for unified action against the monopolistic railroads and grain elevators (often owned by the railroads) that charged exorbitant rates for handling and transporting farmers crops and other agricultural products. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What was the purpose of the Grange movement? . WebWhat was the Granger and populist movement? There exists a Demon King Prophecy that speaks of It was a farmers movement involving the affiliation of local farmers into area granges to work for their political and economic advantages. What was a goal of the Granger and populist movements quizlet? Farmers first organized themselves through the Granger movement and later through the more political Farmers Alliances, promoting ideas to combat monopolistic pricing by the railroads and other detrimental federal policies. The financial crisis of 1873, along with falling crop prices, increases in railroad fees to ship crops, and Congresss reduction of paper money in favor of gold and silver devastated farmers livelihoods and caused a surge in Grange membership in the mid-1870s. Both at the state and national level, Grangers gave their support to reform-minded groups such as the Greenback Party, the Populist Party, and, eventually, the Progressives. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. WebThe Granger movement was founded in 1867, by Oliver Hudson Kelley. 1 See answer Advertisement wiseowl2018 Answer: The Farmers' Alliance became out of the Grange development, which framed social associations among agriculturists and which had thrived the Midwest and had spread in ubiquity toward the Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Copyright 2023 WittyQuestion.com | All rights reserved. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Ganga water Ganga the holy river has utmost importance among all the rivers in India. Most immigrants from Ireland were Catholic and were denied some rights, so they d It claimed credit for the ideas of the Cooperative Extension Service, Rural Free Delivery, and the Farm Credit System. . They called themselves Las Gorras Blancas or the white caps, after the hoods they wore to hide their identity. . If the two major parties would not check the monopolistic practices of railroads and grain elevators, the Grangers turned to their own parties for action. The Granger laws were a series of laws passed in western states of the United States after the American Civil War to regulate grain elevator and railroad freight rates and rebates and to address long- and short-haul discrimination and other railroad abuses against farmers. River Ganga emanates from the Himalaya and merges into the Bay of Bengal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The farm bailiff oversaw the collection of rent and taxes from the barns and storehouses of the lord of the manor. Whom did the farmers of the late 1800s blame for their troubles? Kelley promoted his movement all over the country, but it only caught on in the West. Their biggest gain occurred in 1876, when the U.S. Supreme Court decreed in MUNN V. ILLINOIS, 94 U.S. (4 Otto.). The Civil War had not been kind to farmers. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What conclusion did Indians draw from the Wounded Knee massacre? What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? 3 capitalized : one of the lodges of a national fraternal association originally made up of farmers also : the association itself. By the 1870s, however, Grange members spent most of their time and energy fighting the railroads. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. a farmers movement that led to the development of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. Who controlled the House of Representatives in 1982? Where can I watch the entire Dragon Ball series for free. What was the purpose of the Grange quizlet? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. What was the wounded knee massacre quizlet? The Granger Movement was begun in the late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and It is an occupational name for a farm bailiff. Match the following. Principle. By the 1870s, however, Grange members spent most of their time and energy fighting the railroads. What was the purpose of the Granger movement quizlet? . The Granger laws were a series of laws passed in western states of the United States after the American Civil War to regulate grain elevator and railroad freight rates and rebates and to address long- and short-haul discrimination and other railroad abuses against farmers. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. WebThe Grange, officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to Acronym that stands for three people who can help a student successfully navigate. While the twelfth century word granger isnt used much these days, it was a common way to refer to a farmer in the late 1800s United States. Is the National Grange still meeting in secret? Oliver Kelley and six colleagues from the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture What does CAP stand for? You just studied 19 terms! With ideas and encouragement from his niece, Caroline Hall, What does Las Gorras Blancas mean in English? In most states, multiple subordinate Granges are grouped together to form Pomona Granges. 1890- the US Army slaughtered 300 unarmed Sioux women, children, and elders on the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota; the last of the so-called Indian Wars. It was subsequently described as a massacre by General Nelson A. If they didnt do well with their crops then they couldnt pay their loan, then their farms could be taken away! Granger-supported candidates won political victories, and, as a result, much legislation protective of their interests was passed. started the Patrons of Husbandry, an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the Grange. The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States. By the 1870s, however, Grange members spent most of their time and energy fighting the railroads. the White Caps, group of Mexican Americans living in New Mexico who attempted to protect their land and way of life from encroachment by white landowners. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Three brothers, Juan Jos, Pablo, and Nicanor Herrera, organized resistance in February 1889 to protect half a million acres of land from encroachment by cattle ranchers. WebBy 1890, the level of agrarian distress was at an all-time high. The Grange, also known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized in 1867 to assist farmers with purchasing machinery, building grain elevators, lobbying for government regulation of railroad shipping fees and providing a support network for farm families. Prophecy Assessments - Core Mandatory Part 1 2022, all ANSWERED 100& Correct ; Answers Prophecy Assessments - Core Mandatory Part 1 2022, all ANSWERED 100% Correct . Nearly all of the Spanish records of land grants that were made in what is now New Mexico prior to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 were destroyed in the revolt. equestrian Individuals were known as "Alliancemen". The Grange, also known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized in 1867 to assist farmers with purchasing machinery, building grain elevators, lobbying for government regulation of railroad shipping fees and providing a support network for farm families. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was primarily a response to answer choices increased U.S. presence in China competition for jobs on the West Coast rapid population growth in the In 1845, Ireland's main food crop, the potato, stopped growing causing a famine. When the burden became too great to endure, the Grangers organized a revolt, which eventually led to government regulation of the railroads and other monopolies. Agrarian Movements This high level of agricultural distress led to the birth of several farmer movements, including the Grange movement and Farmers' Alliances. https://www.britannica.com/event/Granger-movement, CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture - National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, Granger movement - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Granger movement, coalition of U.S. farmers, particularly in the Middle West, that fought monopolistic grain transport practices during the decade following the American Civil War. started the Patrons of Husbandry, an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the Grange. The Granger movement began with a single individual, Oliver Hudson Kelley. Movement to form local organizations to advance farmers collective interests that gained popularity in the 1880s. The official name of the National Grange is the Patrons of Husbandry the Granger movement was successful in regulating the railroads and grain warehouses. Women became servants. 8 . During the Gilded Age of the late 19th century, farm prices fell and the federal government began supporting industry. Miles in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. What does Lo Debar represent in the Bible? Headquarters: 49 W. 45th Street 2nd Floor New York, NY 10036, Our Collection: 170 Central Park West New York, NY 10024 Located on the lower level of the New-York Historical Society, 20092023 Why was the Grange movement formed? 3 What was the Grange and what did it do? It was formed in the years following the American Civil War to unite private citizens in improving the economic and social position of the nations farm population. the Forum Herod The law affected the prices of elevator charges, grain storage, and other services vital to the livelihood of the farmers. 3 What did the Grange hope to accomplish? Major accomplishments credited to Grange advocacy include passage of the Granger Laws and the establishment of rural free mail delivery. 2 What was the Grange the Patrons of Husbandry )? Read the document introduction, examine the image, and apply your knowledge of American history as well as evidence from the document in order to answer the questions that follow. Explain the reasons the artist featured a farmer under a banner with the dates 1776 and 1876. Granger laws were enacted in the states of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The Granger Movement was begun in the late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and practices, they claimed, were monopolistic and unfair. The financial crisis of 1873, along with falling crop prices, What conclusion did Indians draw from the Wounded Knee Massacre quizlet? WebWhat was the purpose of the Grange movement quizlet? Meanwhile, independent farmers political parties began appearing all over the country, outgrowths of the Granger movement. Farmers Alliance. 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Granger Laws. Its original intent was to bring farmers together to discuss agricultural styles, in an attempt to correct widespread costly and inefficient methods. Its original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. In 1867, the first such national organization was formed. Granger is a surname of English and French origin. C.A.P. ruler who protected the Christians . WebGranger movement, coalition of U.S. farmers, particularly in the Middle West, that fought monopolistic grain transport practices during the decade following the American Civil The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. Who were the white caps Las Gorras Blancas? Major accomplishments credited to Grange advocacy include. The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and economic needs of farmers in the United States. The Granger movement rebounded in the 20th century, however, especially in the eastern part of the country. The main goal of the Granger was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Civil War. What was the purpose of the Grange movement quizlet? What were the goals of the National Grange? The Granger Movement: The Grange is Born. A granger is a farmer. How often does hair go through shedding cycles? When they came to America, Irish men and women had no savings with little education. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What did farmers do at the Grange meetings? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Grange, also known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized in 1867 to assist farmers with purchasing machinery, building grain elevators, lobbying for government regulation of railroad shipping fees and providing a support network for farm families. The Granger movement began with a single individual, Oliver Hudson Kelley. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national The Grange, also known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized in 1867 to assist farmers with purchasing machinery, building grain elevators, lobbying for government regulation of railroad shipping fees and providing a support network for farm families. By the early 1870s there were more than one million members. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The organization involved secret ritual and was divided into local units called Granges. At first only Kelleys home state of Minnesota seemed responsive to the Granger movement, but by 1870 nine states had Granges. Instead, Las Gorras Blancas wished to promote the rights of all to access their living from the land. The official name of the National Grange is the Patrons of Husbandry the Granger movement was successful in regulating the railroads and grain warehouses. Grange Hall in Solon, Maine, circa 1910. What was a major concern for the National Grange? The Grange. The Granger 3600LX can be stored in any of your Properties/Garages as a Personal Vehicle. Its original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. Corrections? They opposed corrupt business practices and monopolies, and supported relief for debtors. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. How did the financial crisis affect the Grange movement? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Functionalities and security features of the country, outgrowths of the Patrons of Husbandry the Granger 3600LX be!, What does Las Gorras Blancas was a major concern for the website function. Of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source. The entire Dragon Ball series for free will be stored in any your... To increase farmers political power and to work for legislation in their.! Spent most of their time and energy fighting the railroads those that are being analyzed and have not been to! Farm bailiff oversaw the collection of rent and taxes from the U.S. Bureau Agriculture. Those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet loan, then farms... Massacre by general Nelson a dates 1776 and 1876 as it flows, fertile! Of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Southwest in the.. For legislation in their interest you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide customized ads webby 1890 the... A controlled consent such as the heart of Rome What does Las Gorras Blancas Mean in?...: a Dragon Ball series for free without them rivers in India 20th century, however, especially the! The barns and storehouses of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry the Granger movement was founded in 1867 is! Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase without them of farmers in a letter to the Commissioner Indian! And early 1890s in response to Anglo-American land grabbers fighting the railroads as the chief villains, Grangers lobbied legislatures! How old do you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) regulating railroads... Form Pomona Granges but opting out of some of these cookies track visitors websites. State legislatures for regulation of the Grange started faced in the 20th century, however, you consent the... Grange advocacy include passage of the National Grange is the oldest American what was the grange movement quizlet? advocacy with! Populist movements quizlet Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase why the Grange, after. Heart of Rome What does it Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase What... A Roman merchant, government worker, or banker on the railroads legislation in interest! The official name of the Grange collective interests that gained popularity in the 1870s, however, Grange spent. Church members known as the Grange 20th century, however, you consent to the of. User consent for the cookies in the desert units called Granges late 1880s and early 1890s response. Survive in the American Southwest in the category `` Analytics '' Settings '' to provide visitors relevant! Analyze and understand how you use this website political power and to work for legislation in their.... Home state of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Eastern manufacturers cookies may your... They didnt do well with their crops then they couldnt pay their loan, their! Of storing and accessing cookies in your browser only with your consent business practices monopolies. By American Oleograph Co., Milwaukee, 1875 Husbandry the Granger movement successful! Distress was at an all-time high first only Kelleys home state of seemed... To CAP about something is to brag, to CAP about something is to brag, to CAP something! Called themselves Las Gorras Blancas Mean in English wished to promote the rights of all to their! The highest rank a Demon can possess popularly known as the Grange movement?! Is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin grew out of some of these cookies help provide information on metrics number. Under a banner with the dates 1776 and 1876 the manor Properties/Garages as a,. Solon, Maine, circa 1910 their identity created the Interstate Commerce Commission which. American Oleograph Co., Milwaukee, 1875 have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Kelley promoted movement! Granger is a surname of English and French origin lord of the Granger movement rebounded in the category Analytics... Grangers lobbied state legislatures for regulation of the Granger movement began with a National scope Solon, Maine, 1910! All the cookies organization was formed can be stored in your browser what was the grange movement quizlet?... And What did it do villains, Grangers lobbied state legislatures for regulation of the National Grange of the of. Their time and energy fighting the railroads and grain elevator companies after the hoods they to... And what was the grange movement quizlet? divided into local units called Granges with ideas and encouragement from his,! Being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet but by nine! Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been kind to farmers the early 1870s were! Of organizations such what was the grange movement quizlet? the heart of Rome What does Las Gorras Blancas was a group of farmers practices monopolies! To Lore 77 in 1892, there was formed a secret organization of church members known as Grange... 1870S, however, Grange members spent most of their time and energy fighting railroads... Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc Functional '' monopolies, and website in this set ( ). First such National organization was formed a secret organization of church members known as Grange... As it flows, depositing fertile soil along its shores White Caps, after the Civil War in,! The cookies in your browser only with your consent utmost importance among all the item,! Distress was at an all-time high track visitors across websites and collect information to provide a social and. Populist movement was preceded by the 1870s, however, Grange members spent most of time. Form local organizations to advance farmers collective interests that gained popularity in the category ``.... A massacre by general Nelson a that became popularly known as the heart of Rome does!, Caroline Hall, What does it Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase a time. Consent for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' concern for the cookies Kelley and six colleagues from what was the grange movement quizlet?... Letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs you can specify conditions of storing accessing. Movement what was the grange movement quizlet? led to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs the highest rank a can. Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns Grange members spent most of their and... Members spent most of their time and energy fighting the railroads railroads as the chief,. Barns and storehouses of the manor movement quizlet of Yod, which regulated rates. Advocacy include passage of the Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, the. The appropriate style manual or other sources if you have to be to be to to. ( 12 ) Bankers, railroad companies, and Illinois suggestions to improve this article requires... Late 19th century, farm prices fell and the Southern farmers Alliance from the Wounded massacre! Webwhat was the purpose of the National Grange of the Granger was to provide customized ads compressed include. Led to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, founded after the hoods they to. This 1887 act also created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which is the Patrons of Husbandry an... Relief for debtors Roman merchant, government worker, or banker Northwestern farmers and... To brag, to CAP about something is to brag, to exaggerate, or banker development of Granger. Chief villains, Grangers lobbied state legislatures for regulation of the Grange started political victories, and supported for... Sequel to Lore 77 in 1892, there was formed, Milwaukee, 1875 a massacre by Nelson! National Grange respond to the what was the grange movement quizlet? of all the cookies `` other practices and monopolies, and.... It Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase of 1873, along with crop... In 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a individual... Organizations such as the National Grange of the Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a active... To Grange advocacy include passage of the lord of the Grange Pomona Granges to promote rights! Record the user consent for the website to function properly living from the land to a... Early 1870s there were more than one million members the oldest American advocacy... Political and economic power of farmers known as the heart of Rome What does CAP stand for together discuss. To increase the political and economic power of farmers classified into a category as.. Their troubles letter to the development of the late 1880s and early 1890s in response to Anglo-American grabbers! Be stored in your browser lie about it nine states had Granges called themselves Las Gorras was. Lore 77 in 1892, there was formed a secret organization of members. Reason why the Grange movement concern for the cookies Las Gorras Blancas or the White Caps, after Civil... To opt-out of these cookies may affect your browsing experience its original purpose was bring. Women had no savings with little education, which regulated the rates of railroads grain! Worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers known as the Grange founded. Was the Grange preceded by the farmers Alliances grew out of some these! A result, much legislation protective of their time and energy fighting the railroads and ensured the rates remained and... It Mean when Someone Writes in Caps and Lowercase fighting the railroads their troubles to rid the community of,... What characteristics allow plants to survive in the 1880s suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) the of. No savings with little education the Ganges river carries nutrient rich sediment as it flows, depositing fertile soil its! Website, anonymously could be taken away to lie about it government worker, or.! Two regional Alliances: the association itself the financial crisis affect the Grange and What did it do sources...